Job Family: Manufacturing and Production

Many of the things that we use on a daily basis are made by the hundreds of different manufacturers and producers in the UK, for example, food and drink, textiles, aeroplanes, motor vehicles, steel, pharmaceutical products, electrical and electronic goods, clothing and footwear, chemicals and furniture.

The manufacturing sector employs people with a range of skill levels. They include operatives, skilled craftspeople, technicians and technologists. The manufacturing sector also employs professional engineers, designers, and scientists, and details of some of these roles are included in other career families.

A number of jobs involve shift work and some may be part time. Most manufacturing takes place in clean, modern conditions, but some environments may be hot, noisy or dusty. Work may be carried out in large, airy factories that operate production lines, or in small workshops that make specialised items.

Employers vary from small specialist companies to large international groups, with the trend being towards smaller specialised production. The highest proportions of manufacturing jobs are found in the Midlands and the north of England. Some industries are concentrated in specific areas (such as ceramics around Stoke-on-Trent and footwear around Northamptonshire).

The number of people employed in manufacturing and production has been declining steadily over time but the industry still employs around 2.25 million people in England (around 10 per cent of the working population). Like many other industries, it has felt the effect of the recent economic downturn, with some employers reducing the size of their workforce and change working hours to remain in business. Until the economy starts to recover, there are likely to be fewer job opportunities than at other times and potential salaries may also be affected.

The manufacturing industry is constantly changing as it meets the challenge of tough competition from overseas markets, where labour costs are often cheaper. Industries such as shipbuilding, textiles and motor vehicle manufacture have declined, while other industries, such as biotechnology, aerospace and pharmaceuticals, have grown. The expanding industries tend to require more highly-skilled workers.

Operatives and craftspeople need practical hand skills for using tools and machinery. Technicians and technologists require practical skills, scientific understanding and technical knowledge for the particular industry.

There are jobs at different entry levels. They range from roles that do not require qualifications, through to those that need GCSEs (A*-C) in maths and science subjects, BTEC qualifications, or a degree. The Diploma in manufacturing and product design may be relevant for some jobs. Apprenticeships are available in a number of jobs.

Most training in manufacturing is on the job, working under the supervision of an experienced colleague, and often combined with part-time attendance at college.

Most jobs have the possibility of promotion to roles with greater responsibilities, particularly for those who undertake further study and gain qualifications.

Why not have a look at other career family articles as they may hold information on related jobs.

March 2010